The United States could lose billions in travel-related spending, thanks to the uncertainty caused by the Trump travel ban and the prohibition on bringing portable electronics on board international flights, according to the Global Business Travel Association.

GBTA said the “cumulative impact of anti-travel policies [could] leave the perception to many that the United States is closed for business.”

The association’s analysis is based in part on ticketing data from Airlines Reporting Corp, which estimated a decline of $1.3 billion in spending on hotels, rental cars, food and shopping, in addition to $943 million less spent on airline tickets.

GBTA says business travel spending may fall by $248.7 million, and business travelers are predicted to spend $332 million less on airline tickets. They’re also expecting a drop of about $250 million in spending by inbound business travelers from Europe and the Middle East.

“The even greater concern is that the longer-term impact on business travel will become even larger as companies begin to host meetings and events in other destinations,” Mike McCormick, executive director, GBTA, wrote in a blog post. “In an earlier survey of GBTA’s European members, 45 per cent indicated their company will be less willing to plan future meetings and events in the United States due to executive orders on travel.”

The GBTA also estimated more than 4,200 jobs related to business travel could be lost as a result of the ban.